Summary of SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs) for health with MCQs for Nepal PSC

 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs) – High-Yield Notes 

for PSC / Lok Sewa

 

Introduction

  • The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted in September 2015 at the United Nations Sustainable Development Summit in New York.
  • They are a set of 17 global goals with 169 targets and 232 indicators aimed at achieving a better and more sustainable future for all by 2030.
  • These goals replace the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) (2000–2015).
  • The SDGs are universal and apply to all countries – developed and developing.

List of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

  1. No Poverty – End poverty in all forms everywhere.
  2. Zero Hunger – Achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.
  3. Good Health and Well-being – Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all ages.
  4. Quality Education – Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education.
  5. Gender Equality – Achieve gender equality and empower women and girls.
  6. Clean Water and Sanitation – Ensure sustainable management of water and sanitation.
  7. Affordable and Clean Energy – Ensure access to sustainable energy.
  8. Decent Work and Economic Growth – Promote sustainable economic growth and decent work.
  9. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure – Build resilient infrastructure and foster innovation.
  10. Reduced Inequalities – Reduce inequalities within and among countries.
  11. Sustainable Cities and Communities – Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.
  12. Responsible Consumption and Production – Ensure sustainable consumption and production.
  13. Climate Action – Take urgent action to combat climate change.
  14. Life Below Water – Conserve and sustainably use marine resources.
  15. Life on Land – Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems.
  16. Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions – Promote peaceful and inclusive societies.
  17. Partnerships for the Goals – Strengthen global partnerships for sustainable development.

Detailed Explanation of Key SDGs Relevant to Health and Medicine

SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being

  • Target 3.1: Reduce maternal mortality to less than 70 per 100,000 live births.
  • Target 3.2: End preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 aiming to reduce neonatal mortality to at least as low as 12 per 1,000 live births and under-5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births.
  • Target 3.3: End epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases and combat hepatitis, water-borne diseases and other communicable diseases
  • Target 3.4: Reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by one-third.
  • Target 3.5: Strengthen prevention and treatment of substance abuse.
  • Target 3.7: Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services.
  • Target 3.8: Achieve universal health coverage (UHC).
  • Target 3.9: Reduce deaths from pollution and hazardous chemicals.

SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation

  • Ensures access to safe drinking water and sanitation for all.
  • Important for preventing waterborne diseases like cholera, diarrhea, typhoid.

SDG 13: Climate Action

  • Reducing carbon emissions and environmental pollution helps prevent respiratory diseases like COPD and asthma.

SDG 2: Zero Hunger

  • Focuses on reducing malnutrition and ensuring food security.
  • Links to Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, Iron Deficiency Anemia, and Vitamin Deficiencies.

SDGs in Nepal

  • Nepal has integrated the SDGs into its 15th Five-Year Plan (2019/20 – 2023/24).
  • The National Planning Commission (NPC) oversees SDG implementation.
  • Nepal's progress challenges:
    • High maternal and child mortality rates.
    • Malnutrition and food insecurity.
    • Climate change impact on agriculture and water supply.
    • Limited infrastructure and healthcare access in rural areas.

Past Exam Questions on SDGs

 Past Questions

  1. Which of the following SDGs is directly related to Universal Health Coverage (UHC)?
    a) SDG 2
    b) SDG 3
    c) SDG 6
    d) SDG 9
    • Answer: b) SDG 3

 

  1. What is the target maternal mortality rate under SDG 3.1?
    a) 70 per 100,000 live births
    b) 50 per 100,000 live births
    c) 100 per 100,000 live births
    d) 120 per 100,000 live births
    • Answer: a) 70 per 100,000 live births

 

  1. Which of the following is NOT an SDG goal?
    a) Zero Hunger
    b) Good Governance
    c) Climate Action
    d) Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
    • Answer: b) Good Governance (Not a standalone SDG)

 

Nepal Loksewa PSC Past Questions

  1. How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are there?
    a) 8
    b) 10
    c) 15
    d) 17
    • Answer: d) 17

 

  1. Which government body is responsible for SDG implementation in Nepal?
    a) Ministry of Health
    b) Nepal Planning Commission
    c) Ministry of Finance
    d) Ministry of Social Welfare
    • Answer: b) Nepal Planning Commission

 

  1. By which year do the SDGs aim to be achieved?
    a) 2025
    b) 2030
    c) 2040
    d) 2050
    • Answer: b) 2030

Key Takeaways for Exams

✅ The SDGs were adopted in 2015 by the United Nations.
✅ There are 17 goals, 169 targets, and 232 indicators.
✅ SDG 3 (Good Health & Well-being) is directly related to health and aims for Universal Health Coverage (UHC).
✅ Nepal has integrated SDGs into its 15th Five-Year Plan, and the National Planning Commission oversees its progress.
✅ The SDGs replace the MDGs (2000-2015) and are set to be achieved by 2030.

 

MCQs on SDGs for Nepal Loksewa PSC

General SDGs MCQs

1.      The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted in which year?
a) 2000
b) 2010
c) 2015
d) 2020

    • Answer: c) 2015

2.      How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are there?
a) 10
b) 15
c) 17
d) 20

    • Answer: c) 17

3.      What is the target year to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
a) 2025
b) 2030
c) 2040
d) 2050

    • Answer: b) 2030

4.      Which of the following SDGs focuses on gender equality?
a) SDG 2
b) SDG 5
c) SDG 8
d) SDG 11

    • Answer: b) SDG 5

5.      Which SDG aims to end hunger, achieve food security, and improve nutrition?
a) SDG 1
b) SDG 2
c) SDG 3
d) SDG 4

    • Answer: b) SDG 2

6.      Which SDG is directly linked to Universal Health Coverage (UHC)?
a) SDG 2
b) SDG 3
c) SDG 6
d) SDG 9

    • Answer: b) SDG 3

7.      What is the full form of SDGs?
a) Sustainable Development Governance
b) Sustainable Development Goals
c) Sustainable Democracy Goals
d) Social Development Goals

    • Answer: b) Sustainable Development Goals

8.      Which SDG focuses on climate change and its impact?
a) SDG 10
b) SDG 12
c) SDG 13
d) SDG 15

    • Answer: c) SDG 13

9.      Which goal aims to "Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all"?
a) SDG 3
b) SDG 5
c) SDG 6
d) SDG 8

    • Answer: c) SDG 6

10.  What is the role of SDG 17?
a) Strengthen global partnerships
b) Promote peace and justice
c) Reduce inequality
d) Improve education access

    • Answer: a) Strengthen global partnerships

Health-Related SDGs MCQs

11.  The SDG target for reducing maternal mortality rate (MMR) is:
a) 50 per 100,000 live births
b) 70 per 100,000 live births
c) 100 per 100,000 live births
d) 120 per 100,000 live births

    • Answer: b) 70 per 100,000 live births

12.  Under SDG 3, which disease is NOT explicitly targeted for elimination by 2030?
a) HIV/AIDS
b) Tuberculosis
c) Malaria
d) Influenza

    • Answer: d) Influenza

13.  What is the target for reducing premature mortality from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by 2030?
a) 10%
b) 20%
c) 33%
d) 50%

    • Answer: c) 33%

14.  Which SDG specifically addresses mental health and well-being?
a) SDG 3
b) SDG 5
c) SDG 9
d) SDG 12

    • Answer: a) SDG 3

15.  Which of the following is NOT a target of SDG 3?
a) Achieve universal health coverage
b) End the epidemics of AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria
c) Provide free healthcare to all by 2025
d) Reduce global maternal mortality to below 70 per 100,000 live births

    • Answer: c) Provide free healthcare to all by 2025

SDGs in Nepal - Nepal Loksewa PSC MCQs

16.  Which organization is responsible for implementing SDGs in Nepal?
a) Ministry of Finance
b) Nepal Planning Commission
c) Central Bureau of Statistics
d) Ministry of Health and Population

    • Answer: b) Nepal Planning Commission

17.  Which Five-Year Plan of Nepal incorporates the SDGs?
a) 13th Five-Year Plan
b) 14th Five-Year Plan
c) 15th Five-Year Plan
d) 16th Five-Year Plan

    • Answer: c) 15th Five-Year Plan

18.  Which SDG is most relevant to Nepal’s disaster-prone areas?
a) SDG 5 (Gender Equality)
b) SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities)
c) SDG 15 (Life on Land)
d) SDG 13 (Climate Action)

    • Answer: d) SDG 13

19.  Which sector in Nepal faces the most challenges in achieving SDGs?
a) Education
b) Healthcare
c) Infrastructure
d) Agriculture

    • Answer: b) Healthcare

20.  Which UN agency provides major support for SDG implementation in Nepal?
a) UNESCO
b) WHO
c) UNDP
d) FAO

    • Answer: c) UNDP

Bonus Case-Based MCQs

21.  A 30-year-old woman in a rural village is pregnant and lacks access to skilled birth attendants. Which SDG directly addresses this issue?
a) SDG 1
b) SDG 3
c) SDG 5
d) SDG 6

    • Answer: b) SDG 3

22.  A country has high carbon emissions leading to respiratory illnesses in its population. Which SDG is most relevant?
a) SDG 7
b) SDG 9
c) SDG 12
d) SDG 13

    • Answer: d) SDG 13

23.  A national policy aims to reduce child marriage rates and promote education for girls. Which SDG is being addressed?
a) SDG 3
b) SDG 4
c) SDG 5
d) SDG 10

    • Answer: c) SDG 5

24.  Which indicator is NOT part of SDG 3?
a) Neonatal mortality rate
b) Incidence of tuberculosis
c) Access to clean drinking water
d) Prevalence of obesity

    • Answer: c) Access to clean drinking water (This is part of SDG 6)

 

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